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the railway system

  • 1 system

    [ˈsɪstəm] noun
    1) an arrangement of many parts that work together:

    the digestive system.

    نِظام، جِهاز
    2) a person's body:

    Take a walk every day – it's good for the system!

    نِظام الجِسِم
    3) a way of organizing something according to certain ideas, principles etc:

    a system of government/education.

    نِظام، تَنْظيم، مَنْهَج
    4) a plan or method:

    What is your system for washing the dishes?

    خُطَّه، أسْلوب، طَريقَه
    5) the quality of being efficient and methodical:

    Your work lacks system.

    مَنْهَج، أسْلوب

    Arabic-English dictionary > system

  • 2 Metro, the Paris

       First opened in 1900, the Paris Metro (or Métropolitain) is the city's subway system or underground railway system. Most of the network within central Paris is underground, though there are some aerial sections, notably on routes 2 and 6. It is linked with the city's suburban rapid transit system, the RER. The Paris Metro is Europe's second most-used urban subway system after the Moscow underground. Most routes use standard gauge steel rail tracks, though five of the routes operate with rubber-tyred rolling stock, running on concrete tracks. These are considerably quieter than the traditional trains used on other routes. The most recent route, line 14, opened in 1998 and known as the "Météor", uses driverless trains.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Metro, the Paris

  • 3 mediación

    f.
    1 mediation, agency, arbitration, intervention.
    2 good offices.
    * * *
    1 mediation
    \
    * * *
    SF mediation, intercession
    * * *
    femenino mediation
    * * *
    = intercession, mediation, intermediation, arbitration.
    Ex. In faceted schemes synthesis is often achieved with the intercession of a facet indicator.
    Ex. In 1926 collective bargaining was established in the railway system and procedures for the handling of grievances, arbitration, 'cooling-off' periods, fact finding, and mediation.
    Ex. This is because of the nature of computer intermediation which reduces both the librarian's responsibility to the user and user contact with the library.
    Ex. In 1926 collective bargaining was established in the railway system and procedures for the handling of grievances, arbitration, 'cooling-off' periods, fact finding, and mediation.
    ----
    * mediación en un conflicto = peacekeeping [peace-keeping], good offices, peacemaking [peace-making].
    * mediación social = social mediation.
    * * *
    femenino mediation
    * * *
    = intercession, mediation, intermediation, arbitration.

    Ex: In faceted schemes synthesis is often achieved with the intercession of a facet indicator.

    Ex: In 1926 collective bargaining was established in the railway system and procedures for the handling of grievances, arbitration, 'cooling-off' periods, fact finding, and mediation.
    Ex: This is because of the nature of computer intermediation which reduces both the librarian's responsibility to the user and user contact with the library.
    Ex: In 1926 collective bargaining was established in the railway system and procedures for the handling of grievances, arbitration, 'cooling-off' periods, fact finding, and mediation.
    * mediación en un conflicto = peacekeeping [peace-keeping], good offices, peacemaking [peace-making].
    * mediación social = social mediation.

    * * *
    mediation
    conseguí el puesto por mediación de mi tío I got the job through my uncle
    * * *

    mediación sustantivo femenino
    mediation;

    mediación sustantivo femenino mediation, intervention

    ' mediación' also found in these entries:
    English:
    intervention
    * * *
    mediation;
    * * *
    f mediation
    * * *
    mediación nf, pl - ciones : mediation

    Spanish-English dictionary > mediación

  • 4 Bulleid, Oliver Vaughan Snell

    [br]
    b. 19 September 1882 Invercargill, New Zealand
    d. 25 April 1970 Malta
    [br]
    New Zealand (naturalized British) locomotive engineer noted for original experimental work in the 1940s and 1950s.
    [br]
    Bulleid's father died in 1889 and mother and son returned to the UK from New Zealand; Bulleid himself became a premium apprentice under H.A. Ivatt at Doncaster Works, Great Northern Railway (GNR). After working in France and for the Board of Trade, Bulleid returned to the GNR in 1912 as Personal Assistant to Chief Mechanical Engineer H.N. Gresley. After a break for war service, he returned as Assistant to Gresley on the latter's appointment as Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London \& North Eastern Railway in 1923. He was closely associated with Gresley during the late 1920s and early 1930s.
    In 1937 Bulleid was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Southern Railway (SR). Concentration of resources on electrification had left the Southern short of up-to-date steam locomotives, which Bulleid proceeded to provide. His first design, the "Merchant Navy" class 4–6– 2, appeared in 1941 with chain-driven valve gear enclosed in an oil-bath, and other novel features. A powerful "austerity" 0−6−0 appeared in 1942, shorn of all inessentials to meet wartime conditions, and a mixed-traffic 4−6−2 in 1945. All were largely successful.
    Under Bulleid's supervision, three large, mixed-traffic, electric locomotives were built for the Southern's 660 volt DC system and incorporated flywheel-driven generators to overcome the problem of interruptions in the live rail. Three main-line diesel-electric locomotives were completed after nationalization of the SR in 1948. All were carried on bogies, as was Bulleid's last steam locomotive design for the SR, the "Leader" class 0−6−6−0 originally intended to meet a requirement for a large, passenger tank locomotive. The first was completed after nationalization of the SR, but the project never went beyond trials. Marginally more successful was a double-deck, electric, suburban, multiple-unit train completed in 1949, with alternate high and low compartments to increase train capacity but not length. The main disadvantage was the slow entry and exit by passengers, and the type was not perpetuated, although the prototype train ran in service until 1971.
    In 1951 Bulleid moved to Coras Iompair Éireann, the Irish national transport undertaking, as Chief Mechanical Engineer. There he initiated a large-scale plan for dieselization of the railway system in 1953, the first such plan in the British Isles. Simultaneously he developed, with limited success, a steam locomotive intended to burn peat briquettes: to burn peat, the only native fuel, had been a long-unfulfilled ambition of railway engineers in Ireland. Bulleid retired in 1958.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Bulleid took out six patents between 1941 and 1956, covering inter alia valve gear, boilers, brake apparatus and wagon underframes.
    Further Reading
    H.A.V.Bulleid, 1977, Bulleid of the Southern, Shepperton: Ian Allan (a good biography written by the subject's son).
    C.Fryer, 1990, Experiments with Steam, Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens (provides details of the austerity 0–6–0, the "Leader" locomotive and the peat-burning locomotive: see Chs 19, 20 and 21 respectively).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Bulleid, Oliver Vaughan Snell

  • 5 intervención

    f.
    1 intervention, mediation.
    2 intervention, interposition, argumentative speech.
    3 surgery, intervention.
    * * *
    1 (gen) intervention
    2 (discurso) speech
    3 MEDICINA operation
    4 (de una empresa) auditing
    \
    intervención quirúrgica surgical operation
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=actuación) intervention (en in)
    2) (=discurso) speech
    3) (Mús, Teat) performance
    4) (Med) (tb: intervención quirúrgica) operation
    5) (=control) [en producción] supervision, control; [en empresa] intervention; LAm [de sindicatos] government takeover
    6) [de contrabando, droga] seizure, confiscation
    7) (=auditoría) audit, auditing
    8) (Telec) tapping
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( participación) intervention
    b) ( mediación) intervention, intercession (frml)
    2)
    a) ( injerencia) intervention
    b) ( de teléfono) tapping
    c) ( de empresa) placing in administration
    d) ( inspección de cuentas) auditing, official inspection
    e) (de droga, armas) seizure, confiscation
    f) (AmL) (de emisora, escuela) takeover
    •
    * * *
    = intercession, intervention, mediation, presentation, statement, handwork, intermediation.
    Ex. In faceted schemes synthesis is often achieved with the intercession of a facet indicator.
    Ex. The indexes are produced by computer, without necessarily any human intervention.
    Ex. In 1926 collective bargaining was established in the railway system and procedures for the handling of grievances, arbitration, 'cooling-off' periods, fact finding, and mediation.
    Ex. There are two other aspects of institutions I want to consider before moving to the closing section of this presentation.
    Ex. Statements conveying preferential relationships between terms indicate which terms are to be treated as equivalent to one another.
    Ex. The newspaper's suppression after the first issue was not, as some historians have declared, the handwork of Massachusetts' Puritan clergy = La supresión del periódico después de su primer número no fue, como algunos historiadores han declarado, por la intervención del clero puritano de Massachussetts.
    Ex. This is because of the nature of computer intermediation which reduces both the librarian's responsibility to the user and user contact with the library.
    ----
    * con intervención directa = obtrusive.
    * evaluación sin intervención del examinador = unobtrusive testing.
    * intervención armada = armed intervention.
    * intervención como intermediario = mediating.
    * intervención del hombre = human intervention.
    * intervención electrónica = wiretapping [wire-tapping], wiretap [wire-tap].
    * intervención estatal = state intervention.
    * intervención militar = military intervention, military action.
    * intervención quirúrgica = surgery, operation, surgical procedure.
    * sin intervención de un intermediario = disintermediated.
    * sin intervención directa = nonobtrusive.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( participación) intervention
    b) ( mediación) intervention, intercession (frml)
    2)
    a) ( injerencia) intervention
    b) ( de teléfono) tapping
    c) ( de empresa) placing in administration
    d) ( inspección de cuentas) auditing, official inspection
    e) (de droga, armas) seizure, confiscation
    f) (AmL) (de emisora, escuela) takeover
    •
    * * *
    = intercession, intervention, mediation, presentation, statement, handwork, intermediation.

    Ex: In faceted schemes synthesis is often achieved with the intercession of a facet indicator.

    Ex: The indexes are produced by computer, without necessarily any human intervention.
    Ex: In 1926 collective bargaining was established in the railway system and procedures for the handling of grievances, arbitration, 'cooling-off' periods, fact finding, and mediation.
    Ex: There are two other aspects of institutions I want to consider before moving to the closing section of this presentation.
    Ex: Statements conveying preferential relationships between terms indicate which terms are to be treated as equivalent to one another.
    Ex: The newspaper's suppression after the first issue was not, as some historians have declared, the handwork of Massachusetts' Puritan clergy = La supresión del periódico después de su primer número no fue, como algunos historiadores han declarado, por la intervención del clero puritano de Massachussetts.
    Ex: This is because of the nature of computer intermediation which reduces both the librarian's responsibility to the user and user contact with the library.
    * con intervención directa = obtrusive.
    * evaluación sin intervención del examinador = unobtrusive testing.
    * intervención armada = armed intervention.
    * intervención como intermediario = mediating.
    * intervención del hombre = human intervention.
    * intervención electrónica = wiretapping [wire-tapping], wiretap [wire-tap].
    * intervención estatal = state intervention.
    * intervención militar = military intervention, military action.
    * intervención quirúrgica = surgery, operation, surgical procedure.
    * sin intervención de un intermediario = disintermediated.
    * sin intervención directa = nonobtrusive.

    * * *
    A
    1 (participación) intervention
    la inmediata intervención de los bomberos the swift intervention of the fire service
    se ha probado su intervención en el atraco his involvement in the robbery has been proved
    su intervención en el congreso fue muy aplaudida her speech to the conference was warmly applauded
    su última intervención en una película española the last time she appeared in a Spanish film, her last appearance in a Spanish film
    2 (mediación) intervention, intercession ( frml)
    B
    1 (injerencia) intervention
    su política de no intervención their policy of nonintervention
    intervención estatal state intervention
    3 (de una empresa) placing in administration
    4 (inspección de cuentas) auditing, official inspection
    5 (de droga, armas) seizure, confiscation
    6 ( AmL) (de una emisora, escuela) takeover
    Compuesto:
    operation
    * * *

     

    intervención sustantivo femenino


    una política de no intervención a policy of nonintervention;
    intervención quirúrgica operation
    b) (de droga, armas) seizure, confiscation

    intervención sustantivo femenino
    1 (actuación) intervention, participation [en, in]
    una intervención militar, a military intervention
    2 Med intervention
    ' intervención' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    actuación
    - comentar
    - espera
    - magistral
    - nefasta
    - nefasto
    - significar
    - sola
    - solo
    - infeliz
    - participación
    - quirúrgico
    - rematar
    English:
    hands-off
    - intervention
    - operation
    - tapping
    - wiretapping
    * * *
    1. [acción, participación] intervention;
    la pelea fue controlada gracias a la rápida intervención de la policía the fight was brought under control thanks to the rapid intervention of the police;
    no intervención non-intervention;
    intervención televisiva television appearance
    2. [discurso] speech;
    [pregunta] question; [comentario] remark, comment
    3. [operación]
    4. Com [de cuentas] auditing
    5. [vigilancia] [de teléfono, línea] tapping;
    el juez ordenó la intervención de su correspondencia the judge ordered her correspondence to be opened (by the authorities)
    6. [incautación] seizure, confiscation
    * * *
    f
    1 intervention; en debate, congreso participation; en película, espectáculo appearance
    2 MED operation
    * * *
    1) : intervention
    2) : audit
    3)
    * * *
    intervención n intervention

    Spanish-English dictionary > intervención

  • 6 arbitraje

    m.
    1 refereeing (sport) (en fútbol, baloncesto).
    2 arbitration (law).
    3 arbitrage, arbitrament, arbitrement.
    * * *
    1 (desacuerdo) arbitration
    2 DEPORTE (fútbol, boxeo) refereeing; (cricket, tenis) umpiring
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=juicio) arbitration
    2) (Com) arbitrage
    3) (Dep) refereeing
    * * *
    a) (en fútbol, boxeo) refereeing; (en tenis, béisbol) umpiring
    b) (Der, Rels Labs) ( acción) arbitration; ( resolución) decision, judgment
    * * *
    = arbitration, refereeing.
    Ex. In 1926 collective bargaining was established in the railway system and procedures for the handling of grievances, arbitration, 'cooling-off' periods, fact finding, and mediation.
    Ex. The issue of refereeing football matches is never far from the forefront of public debate of the modern game.
    * * *
    a) (en fútbol, boxeo) refereeing; (en tenis, béisbol) umpiring
    b) (Der, Rels Labs) ( acción) arbitration; ( resolución) decision, judgment
    * * *
    = arbitration, refereeing.

    Ex: In 1926 collective bargaining was established in the railway system and procedures for the handling of grievances, arbitration, 'cooling-off' periods, fact finding, and mediation.

    Ex: The issue of refereeing football matches is never far from the forefront of public debate of the modern game.

    * * *
    1 (en fútbol, boxeo) refereeing; (en tenis, béisbol) umpiring
    el arbitraje del partido fue correcto the match was refereed fairly
    2 ( Der, Rels Labs) (acción) arbitration; (resolución) decision, judgment
    el asunto fue sometido a arbitraje the matter went to arbitration
    Compuesto:
    industrial arbitration
    * * *

    arbitraje sustantivo masculino
    a) (en fútbol, boxeo) refereeing;

    (en tenis, béisbol) umpiring
    b) (Der, Rels Labs) ( acción) arbitration;

    ( resolución) decision, judgment
    arbitraje sustantivo masculino
    1 arbitration
    2 Dep refereeing
    Ten umpiring
    ' arbitraje' also found in these entries:
    English:
    arbitrage
    - arbitration
    * * *
    1. [en fútbol, baloncesto] refereeing;
    [en tenis, voleibol] umpiring
    2. Der arbitration;
    se sometieron al arbitraje de la ONU they agreed to UN arbitration;
    buscan un arbitraje amistoso del contencioso they are seeking to resolve the dispute amicably
    3. Bolsa arbitrage
    * * *
    m
    1 arbitration
    2 DEP refereeing
    * * *
    1) : arbitration
    2) : refereeing (in sports)

    Spanish-English dictionary > arbitraje

  • 7 período de reflexión

    Ex. In 1926 collective bargaining was established in the railway system and procedures for the handling of grievances, arbitration, ' cooling-off' periods, fact finding, and mediation.
    * * *

    Ex: In 1926 collective bargaining was established in the railway system and procedures for the handling of grievances, arbitration, ' cooling-off' periods, fact finding, and mediation.

    Spanish-English dictionary > período de reflexión

  • 8 подвижной состав

    1) General subject: stock (напр., ж.д.), rolling stock
    2) Engineering: haul rig (лесовозный), hauling rig (лесовозный)
    6) Forestry: carrying equipment

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > подвижной состав

  • 9 fer

    fer [fεʀ]
    1. masculine noun
       a. ( = métal) iron
       b. [de cheval] shoe ; [de chaussure] steel tip ; [de flèche, lance] point
    * * *
    fɛʀ
    1.
    nom masculin
    1) ( métal) iron
    2) fig

    de fer — [discipline, volonté] iron (épith)

    3) ( de chaussure) steel tip; ( pour marquer) branding iron; ( de relieur) blocking tool
    4) ( épée) sword; ( lame) blade
    5) ( train) rail transport

    2.
    fers (dated) nom masculin pluriel
    1) Médecine forceps
    2) ( de prisonnier) irons

    être dans les fers — lit to be in irons; fig to be in chains

    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••

    il faut battre le fer pendant or tant qu'il est chaud — Proverbe strike while the iron is hot

    * * *
    fɛʀ
    1. nm
    1) (= métal) iron

    en fer; de fer — iron

    2) (= outil) iron
    2. fers nmpl
    1)

    mettre aux fers (= enchaîner) — to put in chains, to put in irons

    2) MÉDECINE forceps
    * * *
    fer
    A nm
    1 Chimie iron; objet en fer iron object, object made of iron; mine/minerai de fer iron mine/ore;
    2 ( métal quelconque) metal;
    3 fig de fer [discipline, poigne, volonté] iron; diriger d'une main de fer to rule with a rod of iron; avoir une santé de fer to have an iron constitution;
    4 ( objet) ( de chaussure) steel tip; ( pour marquer) branding iron; ( de relieur) blocking tool; marquer un animal au fer (rouge) to brand an animal;
    5 ( arme) ( épée) sword; ( lame) blade; croiser le fer avec lit, fig to cross swords with;
    6 ( train) rail transport; par fer by rail.
    B fers† nmpl
    1 Méd forceps;
    2 ( de prisonnier) irons; mettre un prisonnier aux fers to clap a prisoner in irons; être dans les fers lit to be in irons; fig to be in chains.
    fer (à cheval) horseshoe; mettre un fer à un cheval to shoe a horse; en fer à cheval horseshoe-shaped; fer forgé wrought iron; fer à friser curling iron; fer à gaufrer hair crimper; fer de lance lit, fig spearhead; le fer de lance de l'industrie française the spearhead of French industry; fer à repasser ( domestique) iron; ( pour carte de paiement) manual imprinter (for credit card transactions); donner un (petit) coup de fer à qch to run the iron over sth; fer (à repasser) à vapeur steam iron; fer à souder soldering iron; fer à tuyauter goffering iron.
    s'imposer par le fer et le feu to conquer by fire and the sword; croire dur comme fer to believe wholeheartedly; il faut battre le fer pendant or tant qu'il est chaud Prov strike while the iron is hot; tomber les quatre fers en l'air to fall flat on one's back.
    [fɛr] nom masculin
    3. [dans les aliments] iron (substantif non comptable)
    4. [barre] (iron) bar
    5. [lame] blade
    fer de lance (sens propre & figuré) spearhead
    6. [pour repassage]
    7. [instrument]
    8. [de chaussure] metal tip
    9. [de golf] iron (substantif comptable)
    10. RAIL
    le fer rail, the railway system, the railways
    11. (littéraire) [épée] blade
    ————————
    fers nom masculin pluriel
    [chaînes] irons, shackles
    ————————
    de fer locution adjectivale
    [moral, santé] cast-iron (modificateur)
    [discipline, volonté] iron (modificateur)
    fer à cheval nom masculin
    en fer à cheval [escalier, table] horseshoe-shaped, horseshoe (modificateur)

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > fer

  • 10 diramazione

    1 branch, branching out, ramification; ( di strada) branch, fork: una importante diramazione ferroviaria, an important branch (line) in the railway system; una diramazione del fiume, a branch (o fork) in the river
    2 ( diffusione) sending out, diffusion, transmission: diramazione di un ordine, the issuing of an order; diramazione per radio, broadcasting
    3 (comm.) branch (office).
    * * *
    [diramat'tsjone]
    sostantivo femminile
    1) (ramificazione) (di strade, fiumi) ramification; (di rami) offshoot
    2) (ramo, braccio) (di strade, tubazioni, fiume) branch, ramification; (di albero) offshoot; ferr. branch line
    3) (succursale, filiale) branch, offshoot
    4) (per radio, TV) broadcasting
    * * *
    diramazione
    /diramat'tsjone/
    sostantivo f.
     1 (ramificazione) (di strade, fiumi) ramification; (di rami) offshoot
     2 (ramo, braccio) (di strade, tubazioni, fiume) branch, ramification; (di albero) offshoot; ferr. branch line
     3 (succursale, filiale) branch, offshoot
     4 (per radio, TV) broadcasting.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > diramazione

  • 11 сеть железных дорог

    1. railway network

     

    сеть железных дорог
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    railway network
    The whole system of railway distribution in a country. (Source: RRDA)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > сеть железных дорог

  • 12 Behr, Fritz Bernhard

    [br]
    b. 9 October 1842 Berlin, Germany
    d. 25 February 1927
    [br]
    German (naturalized British in 1876) engineer, promoter of the Lartigue monorail system.
    [br]
    Behr trained as an engineer in Britain and had several railway engineering appointments before becoming associated with C.F.M.-T. Lartigue in promoting the Lartigue monorail system in the British Isles. In Lartigue's system, a single rail was supported on trestles; vehicles ran on the rail, their bodies suspended pannier-fashion, stabilized by horizontal rollers running against light guide rails fixed to the sides of the trestles. Behr became Managing Director of the Listowel \& Ballybunion Railway Company, which in 1888 opened its Lartigue system line between those two places in the south-west of Ireland. Three locomotives designed by J.T.A. Mallet were built for the line by Hunslet Engine Company, each with two horizontal boilers, one either side of the track. Coaches and wagons likewise were in two parts. Technically the railway was successful, but lack of traffic caused the company to go bankrupt in 1897: the railway continued to operate until 1924.
    Meanwhile Behr had been thinking in terms far more ambitious than a country branch line. Railway speeds of 150mph (240km/h) or more then lay far in the future: engineers were uncertain whether normal railway vehicles would even be stable at such speeds. Behr was convinced that a high-speed electric vehicle on a substantial Lartigue monorail track would be stable. In 1897 he demonstrated such a vehicle on a 3mile (4.8km) test track at the Brussels International Exhibition. By keeping the weight of the motors low, he was able to place the seats above rail level. Although the generating station provided by the Exhibition authorities never operated at full power, speeds over 75mph (120 km/h) were achieved.
    Behr then promoted the Manchester-Liverpool Express Railway, on which monorail trains of this type running at speeds up to 110mph (177km/h) were to link the two cities in twenty minutes. Despite strong opposition from established railway companies, an Act of Parliament authorizing it was made in 1901. The Act also contained provision for the Board of Trade to require experiments to prove the system's safety. In practice this meant that seven miles of line, and a complete generating station to enable trains to travel at full speed, must be built before it was known whether the Board would give its approval for the railway or not. Such a condition was too severe for the scheme to attract investors and it remained stillborn.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    H.Fayle, 1946, The Narrow Gauge Railways of Ireland, Greenlake Publications, Part 2, ch. 2 (describes the Listowel \& Ballybunion Railway and Behr's work there).
    D.G.Tucker, 1984, "F.B.Behr's development of the Lartigue monorail", Transactions of
    the Newcomen Society 55 (covers mainly the high speed lines).
    See also: Brennan, Louis
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Behr, Fritz Bernhard

  • 13 red

    f.
    1 net (malla).
    red de deriva drift net
    2 network, system (sistema).
    red ferroviaria rail network
    red viaria road network o system
    4 network (computing).
    red local/neuronal local (area)/neural network
    5 snare, trap, web.
    6 Red.
    * * *
    1 (gen) net
    2 (redecilla) hairnet
    3 (sistema) network, system
    5 INFORMÁTICA network
    \
    caer en la red / caer en las redes figurado to fall into the trap
    echar las redes to cast one's nets
    red barredera dragnet
    red comercial sales network
    red de carreteras road network
    red de supermercados chain of supermarkets
    red ferroviaria rail network, railway network
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) net
    * * *
    SF
    1) [para pescar] net; [de portería] net; [del pelo] hairnet; (=malla) mesh; (=para equipajes) (luggage) rack; (=cerca) fence; (=enrejado) grille

    red de alambre — wire mesh, wire netting

    2) [de cosas relacionadas] network; [de agua, suministro eléctrico] mains, main (EEUU), supply system; [de tiendas] chain

    la Red — (Internet) the Net

    con agua de la red — with mains water, with water from the mains

    red de área local — local network, local area network

    red ferroviaria — railway network, railway system

    red local — (Inform) local network, local area network

    3) (=trampa) snare, trap

    aprisionar a algn en sus redes — to have sb firmly in one's clutches, have sb well and truly snared

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( para pescar) net

    caer en las redes de alguien — to fall into somebody's clutches

    b) (Dep) net
    c) ( para pelo) hairnet
    d) ( en tren) (luggage) rack
    2) (de comunicaciones, emisoras, transportes) network; (de comercios, empresas) chain, network; (de espionaje, contrabando) ring
    3) ( de electricidad) power supply, mains; ( de gas) mains
    4)

    la Red — (Inf) the Net

    * * *
    = mesh [meshes, -pl.], network, nexus, dragnet, net, grid.
    Ex. Wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready-made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified.
    Ex. Classification schemes specialise in showing networks of subjects and displaying the relationships between subjects, and thus are particularly suited to achieving the first objective.
    Ex. The future OPAC is likely to be one building block in a larger nexus of information structures.
    Ex. Now dragnets are being established ostensibly to feed children perceived to be hungry.
    Ex. Prior to releasing the ferret the rabbit holes are covered by nets held in place by stakes.
    Ex. Each card has a grid covering most of the body of the card which provides for the coding of document numbers.
    ----
    * ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).
    * aprendizaje a través de la red = electronic learning [e-learning].
    * ASTNFO (Red Regional para el Intercambio de Información y Experiencias de la = ASTINFO (Regional Network for the Exchange of Information and Experience in Science and Technology in Asia and the Pacific).
    * biblioteca en red = network library.
    * conectado a la red = wired.
    * conectado en red = networked.
    * conectar en red = network.
    * conexión a las redes = networking service.
    * cooperación en red = networking.
    * en red = networked.
    * entorno de redes = network environment, online environment.
    * escaparse de la red = fall through + the net.
    * estar accesible en red = go + online.
    * estructura de red = network structure.
    * fichero con estructura de red = networked file.
    * Grupo Asesor sobre Redes (NAG) = Network Advisory Group (NAG).
    * guerra a través de la red = netwar.
    * guerra en red = netwar.
    * hiper-red = metanetwork.
    * inclusión en el mundo de las redes = e-inclusion.
    * interconexión en red = networking.
    * LAN (red local) = LAN (Local Area Network).
    * navegar por la red = surf + the net, surf + the Web.
    * navegar por la red en busca de información = surf for + information.
    * nodo de la red = network node.
    * participación en red = networking.
    * poner en la red + Documento Impreso = webify + Documento Impreso.
    * programa de navegación por las redes = network navigator.
    * proveedor de información a través de la red = content provider.
    * recurso de la red = network resource.
    * red arterial de carreteras = road network.
    * red barredera = dragnet.
    * Red Bibliográfica Australiana (ABN) = Australian Bibliographic Network (ABN).
    * red comunitaria = networking community.
    * red cooperativa de bibliotecas = cooperative network.
    * red de agua potable = water mains.
    * red de agua potable, la = mains, the.
    * red de alcantarillado = drainage system.
    * red de antiguos compañeros = old boy network.
    * red de bibliotecas = library network, library system, library networking.
    * red de carreteras = road network.
    * red de catalogación = cataloguing network.
    * red de catálogos = catalogue network.
    * red de citación = citation network.
    * red de cocitas = cocitation cluster.
    * red de comunicaciones = communication(s) network.
    * red de comunicaciones europea = EURONET.
    * red de conocimiento = knowledge network.
    * red de contactos personales = referral network.
    * red de contrabando = smuggling ring.
    * red de electricidad = mains electricity.
    * red de electricidad, la = mains, the, mains supply, the.
    * red de fibra óptica = fibre optic network.
    * red de información = data network, information network.
    * red de intriga = web of intrigue.
    * red de larga distancia = long haul network.
    * red de ordenadores = computer network.
    * red de pescar = fishnet, fishing net.
    * red de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan network.
    * red de recursos distribuidos = distributed environment.
    * red de seguridad = safety net.
    * red de suministro de agua potable = water mains.
    * red de suministro de agua potable, la = mains, the.
    * red de suministro de documentos = document supply network.
    * red de suministro eléctrico = mains electricity.
    * red de suministro, la = mains, the, mains supply, the.
    * red de supercomputación = grid computing.
    * red de telecomunicaciones = telecommunications network, trunking network.
    * red de telefonía móvil = mobile network.
    * red de teletexto = viewdata network.
    * red de trabajo = peer-to-peer network.
    * red de valor añadido (VAN) = VAN (value added network).
    * red de ventas = sales network.
    * red eléctrica = power grid, mains electricity.
    * red eléctrica, la = mains, the, mains supply, the.
    * red en forma de estrella = star network [star-network].
    * red en línea = online network.
    * redes sociales = social networking.
    * red inalámbrica = wireless network.
    * red informática = computer network.
    * Red Informativa de las Bibliotecas de Investigación en USA = RLIN.
    * red, la = Net, the.
    * red multibibliotecaria = multi-library network.
    * red neuronal = neural net, neural network.
    * red óptica = optical network.
    * red policial de captura = dragnet.
    * red por cable = cable network.
    * red privada = peer-to-peer network.
    * red privada virtual (VPN) = virtual private network (VPN).
    * red semántica = semantic network.
    * red social = network, social network.
    * red telefónica = telephone network, telephone system, phone system.
    * red telefónica conmutada = switched telephone network.
    * red telefónica por conmutación = PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network).
    * seguridad de las redes = network security.
    * servicio de conexión a las redes = networking service.
    * servicios de red de valor añadido (VANS) = value added network services (VANS).
    * sistema en red = network system.
    * supercomputación en red = grid computing.
    * superred = super network.
    * tecnología de redes = networking technology.
    * teoría de actor-red = actor network theory.
    * trabajar en red = network.
    * trabajo en red = networking.
    * utilizar la red = go + online.
    * WAN (red de área amplia) = WAN (wide area network).
    * WAN (red de gran alcance) = WAN (wide area network).
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( para pescar) net

    caer en las redes de alguien — to fall into somebody's clutches

    b) (Dep) net
    c) ( para pelo) hairnet
    d) ( en tren) (luggage) rack
    2) (de comunicaciones, emisoras, transportes) network; (de comercios, empresas) chain, network; (de espionaje, contrabando) ring
    3) ( de electricidad) power supply, mains; ( de gas) mains
    4)

    la Red — (Inf) the Net

    * * *
    la red
    = Net, the

    Ex: New measures aimed at tightening up the control of pornography on the Net could result in the sacrifice of freedom of speech.

    = mesh [meshes, -pl.], network, nexus, dragnet, net, grid.

    Ex: Wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready-made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified.

    Ex: Classification schemes specialise in showing networks of subjects and displaying the relationships between subjects, and thus are particularly suited to achieving the first objective.
    Ex: The future OPAC is likely to be one building block in a larger nexus of information structures.
    Ex: Now dragnets are being established ostensibly to feed children perceived to be hungry.
    Ex: Prior to releasing the ferret the rabbit holes are covered by nets held in place by stakes.
    Ex: Each card has a grid covering most of the body of the card which provides for the coding of document numbers.
    * ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).
    * aprendizaje a través de la red = electronic learning [e-learning].
    * ASTNFO (Red Regional para el Intercambio de Información y Experiencias de la = ASTINFO (Regional Network for the Exchange of Information and Experience in Science and Technology in Asia and the Pacific).
    * biblioteca en red = network library.
    * conectado a la red = wired.
    * conectado en red = networked.
    * conectar en red = network.
    * conexión a las redes = networking service.
    * cooperación en red = networking.
    * en red = networked.
    * entorno de redes = network environment, online environment.
    * escaparse de la red = fall through + the net.
    * estar accesible en red = go + online.
    * estructura de red = network structure.
    * fichero con estructura de red = networked file.
    * Grupo Asesor sobre Redes (NAG) = Network Advisory Group (NAG).
    * guerra a través de la red = netwar.
    * guerra en red = netwar.
    * hiper-red = metanetwork.
    * inclusión en el mundo de las redes = e-inclusion.
    * interconexión en red = networking.
    * LAN (red local) = LAN (Local Area Network).
    * navegar por la red = surf + the net, surf + the Web.
    * navegar por la red en busca de información = surf for + information.
    * nodo de la red = network node.
    * participación en red = networking.
    * poner en la red + Documento Impreso = webify + Documento Impreso.
    * programa de navegación por las redes = network navigator.
    * proveedor de información a través de la red = content provider.
    * recurso de la red = network resource.
    * red arterial de carreteras = road network.
    * red barredera = dragnet.
    * Red Bibliográfica Australiana (ABN) = Australian Bibliographic Network (ABN).
    * red comunitaria = networking community.
    * red cooperativa de bibliotecas = cooperative network.
    * red de agua potable = water mains.
    * red de agua potable, la = mains, the.
    * red de alcantarillado = drainage system.
    * red de antiguos compañeros = old boy network.
    * red de bibliotecas = library network, library system, library networking.
    * red de carreteras = road network.
    * red de catalogación = cataloguing network.
    * red de catálogos = catalogue network.
    * red de citación = citation network.
    * red de cocitas = cocitation cluster.
    * red de comunicaciones = communication(s) network.
    * red de comunicaciones europea = EURONET.
    * red de conocimiento = knowledge network.
    * red de contactos personales = referral network.
    * red de contrabando = smuggling ring.
    * red de electricidad = mains electricity.
    * red de electricidad, la = mains, the, mains supply, the.
    * red de fibra óptica = fibre optic network.
    * red de información = data network, information network.
    * red de intriga = web of intrigue.
    * red de larga distancia = long haul network.
    * red de ordenadores = computer network.
    * red de pescar = fishnet, fishing net.
    * red de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan network.
    * red de recursos distribuidos = distributed environment.
    * red de seguridad = safety net.
    * red de suministro de agua potable = water mains.
    * red de suministro de agua potable, la = mains, the.
    * red de suministro de documentos = document supply network.
    * red de suministro eléctrico = mains electricity.
    * red de suministro, la = mains, the, mains supply, the.
    * red de supercomputación = grid computing.
    * red de telecomunicaciones = telecommunications network, trunking network.
    * red de telefonía móvil = mobile network.
    * red de teletexto = viewdata network.
    * red de trabajo = peer-to-peer network.
    * red de valor añadido (VAN) = VAN (value added network).
    * red de ventas = sales network.
    * red eléctrica = power grid, mains electricity.
    * red eléctrica, la = mains, the, mains supply, the.
    * red en forma de estrella = star network [star-network].
    * red en línea = online network.
    * redes sociales = social networking.
    * red inalámbrica = wireless network.
    * red informática = computer network.
    * Red Informativa de las Bibliotecas de Investigación en USA = RLIN.
    * red, la = Net, the.
    * red multibibliotecaria = multi-library network.
    * red neuronal = neural net, neural network.
    * red óptica = optical network.
    * red policial de captura = dragnet.
    * red por cable = cable network.
    * red privada = peer-to-peer network.
    * red privada virtual (VPN) = virtual private network (VPN).
    * red semántica = semantic network.
    * red social = network, social network.
    * red telefónica = telephone network, telephone system, phone system.
    * red telefónica conmutada = switched telephone network.
    * red telefónica por conmutación = PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network).
    * seguridad de las redes = network security.
    * servicio de conexión a las redes = networking service.
    * servicios de red de valor añadido (VANS) = value added network services (VANS).
    * sistema en red = network system.
    * supercomputación en red = grid computing.
    * superred = super network.
    * tecnología de redes = networking technology.
    * teoría de actor-red = actor network theory.
    * trabajar en red = network.
    * trabajo en red = networking.
    * utilizar la red = go + online.
    * WAN (red de área amplia) = WAN (wide area network).
    * WAN (red de gran alcance) = WAN (wide area network).

    * * *
    A
    caer en las redes de algn to fall into sb's clutches
    2 ( Dep) net
    subir a la red to go up to o go into the net
    3 (para el pelo) hairnet
    4 (en el tren) rack, luggage rack
    Compuesto:
    drift net, trawl net
    B (de comunicaciones, emisoras) network; (de comercios, empresas) chain, network
    red de carreteras/ferrocarriles network of roads/railways
    red hotelera hotel chain
    una red de espionaje/narcotraficantes a spy ring/drug-trafficking ring
    Compuestos:
    ● red de área extendida or extensa
    ( Inf) wide area network, WAN
    local area network, LAN
    vice ring
    television network
    integrated services digital network, ISDN
    ( Inf) neural network
    C (de electricidad) power supply, mains; (de gas) mains
    todavía no han conectado el barrio a la red the neighborhood has not been connected up to the mains o to the power supply yet
    antes de conectarlo a la red before connecting it to the mains o ( AmE) to the house current
    Compuesto:
    sewage system
    D la Red ( Inf) the Net
    * * *

     

    red sustantivo femenino
    1

    b) (Dep) net



    2 (de comunicaciones, emisoras, transportes) network;
    (de comercios, empresas) chain, network;
    (de espionaje, contrabando) ring
    3 ( de electricidad) power supply, mains;
    ( de gas) mains
    4
    ◊ la Red (Inf) the Net

    red sustantivo femenino
    1 (de pesca, etc) net
    (del pelo) hairnet
    (malla) mesh
    2 (de comunicaciones, transporte, distribución, etc) network
    red de espionaje, spy ring
    red de seguridad, safety net
    (eléctrica) mains pl
    3 (comercio, empresa) chain
    red hotelera, hotel chain
    4 fig (trampa) trap
    ♦ Locuciones: (ser engañado) caer en la red, to fall into the trap
    (ser embaucado) caer en las redes de alguien, to fall into sb's clutches
    ' red' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    amargada
    - amargado
    - barrio
    - bofetada
    - brasa
    - cadena
    - candente
    - Caperucita Roja
    - capricho
    - cartulina
    - casa
    - colorada
    - colorado
    - conectar
    - cruz
    - cuestación
    - dedo
    - dentro
    - desarticular
    - dos
    - encenderse
    - enchufar
    - enrojecer
    - ser
    - escollo
    - espionaje
    - estancarse
    - expeler
    - flagrante
    - fogón
    - fondo
    - formulismo
    - ir
    - glóbulo
    - hematíe
    - in fraganti
    - infrarroja
    - infrarrojo
    - lombarda
    - mancha
    - mano
    - minio
    - morrón
    - ninguna
    - ninguno
    - número
    - obnubilarse
    - pelirroja
    - pelirrojo
    - pimentón
    English:
    balding
    - blood
    - blusher
    - cast
    - convertible
    - crash
    - fishing net
    - grid
    - hereditary
    - highlight
    - in
    - infrared
    - infrastructure
    - main
    - net
    - network
    - nickname
    - ours
    - paint
    - pepper
    - poppy
    - probably
    - push
    - radio network
    - rag
    - read
    - readily
    - readiness
    - ready
    - ready-cooked
    - ready-made
    - red
    - red light
    - red light district
    - Red Riding Hood
    - Red Sea
    - red tape
    - red-haired
    - red-handed
    - red-hot
    - redden
    - reddish
    - regiment
    - register
    - registered
    - registrar
    - registration
    - registry
    - ring
    - safety net
    * * *
    red nf
    1. [de pesca, caza] net;
    también Fig
    echar o [m5] tender las redes to cast one's net;
    caer en las redes de alguien to fall into sb's trap
    red de arrastre dragnet;
    red de deriva drift net
    2. [en tenis, voleibol, fútbol] net;
    subir a la red [en tenis] to go into the net
    3. [para cabello] hairnet
    4. [sistema] network, system;
    [de electricidad] esp Br mains [singular], US source; [de agua] esp Br mains [singular], esp US main;
    una red de traficantes a network o ring of traffickers;
    conectar algo a la red to connect sth to the mains
    red de distribución distribution network;
    red eléctrica mains [singular];
    red ferroviaria rail network;
    red hidrográfica river system o network;
    Biol red trófica food chain;
    red viaria road network o system
    5. [organización] [de espionaje] ring;
    [de narcotraficantes] network; [de tiendas, hoteles] chain
    6. Informát network;
    la Red [Internet] the Net;
    lo encontré en la Red I found it on the Net;
    la Red de redes [Internet] the Internet
    red en anillo ring network;
    red de área extensa wide area network;
    red de área local local area network;
    red ciudadana freenet;
    red de datos (data) network;
    red local local (area) network;
    red neuronal neural network;
    red troncal backbone
    * * *
    f
    net;
    echar la red cast the net;
    caer en las redes de fig fall into the clutches of
    2 INFOR, fig
    network;
    la red INFOR the Web;
    red de transportes/comunicaciones transportation/communications network
    * * *
    red nf
    1) : net, mesh
    2) : network, system, chain
    3) : trap, snare
    * * *
    red n
    1. (malla) net
    2. (comunicaciones) network

    Spanish-English dictionary > red

  • 14 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

  • 15 Lartigue, Charles François Marie-Thérèse

    [br]
    b. 1834 Toulouse, France d. 1907
    [br]
    French engineer and businessman, inventor of the Lartigue monorail.
    [br]
    Lartigue worked as a civil engineer in Algeria and while there invented a simple monorail for industrial or agricultural use. It comprised a single rail carried on trestles; vehicles comprised a single wheel with two tubs suspended either side, like panniers. These were pushed or pulled by hand or, occasionally, hauled by mule. Such lines were used in Algerian esparto-grass plantations.
    In 1882 he patented a monorail system based on this arrangement, with important improvements: traction was to be mechanical; vehicles were to have two or four wheels and to be able to be coupled together; and the trestles were to have, on each side, a light guide rail upon which horizontal rollers beneath the vehicles would bear. Early in 1883 the Lartigue Railway Construction Company was formed in London and two experimental prototype monorails were subsequently demonstrated in public. One, at the Paris Agricultural Exhibition, had an electric locomotive that was built in two parts, one either side of the rail to maintain balance, hauling small wagons. The other prototype, in London, had a small, steam locomotive with two vertical boilers and was designed by Anatole Mallet. By now Lartigue had become associated with F.B. Behr. Behr was Managing Director of the construction company and of the Listowel \& Ballybunion Railway Company, which obtained an Act of Parliament in 1886 to built a Lartigue monorail railway in the South West of Ireland between those two places. Its further development and successful operation are described in the article on Behr in this volume.
    A much less successful attempt to establish a Lartigue monorail railway took place in France, in the départment of Loire. In 1888 the council of the département agreed to a proposal put forward by Lartigue for a 10 1/2 mile (17 km) long monorail between the towns of Feurs and Panissières: the agreement was reached on the casting vote of the Chairman, a contact of Lartigue. A concession was granted to successive companies with which Lartigue was closely involved, but construction of the line was attended by muddle, delay and perhaps fraud, although it was completed sufficiently for trial trains to operate. The locomotive had two horizontal boilers, one either side of the track. But the inspectors of the department found deficiencies in the completeness and probable safety of the railway; when they did eventually agree to opening on a limited scale, the company claimed to have insufficient funds to do so unless monies owed by the department were paid. In the end the concession was forfeited and the line dismantled. More successful was an electrically operated Lartigue mineral line built at mines in the eastern Pyrenees.
    It appears to have reused equipment from the electric demonstration line, with modifications, and included gradients as steep as 1 in 12. There was no generating station: descending trains generated the electricity to power ascending ones. This line is said to have operated for at least two years.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1882, French patent no. 149,301 (monorail system). 1882, British patent no. 2,764 (monorail system).
    Further Reading
    D.G.Tucker, 1984, "F.B.Behr's development of the Lartigue monorail", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 55 (describes Lartigue and his work).
    P.H.Chauffort and J.-L.Largier, 1981, "Le monorail de Feurs à Panissières", Chemin defer régionaux et urbains (magazine of the Fédération des Amis des Chemins de Fer
    Secondaires) 164 (in French; describes Lartigue and his work).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Lartigue, Charles François Marie-Thérèse

  • 16 ferrocarril

    m.
    1 railway(system, media).
    2 railroad, railway.
    * * *
    1 railway, US railroad
    * * *
    noun m.
    railway, railroad
    * * *
    SM railway, railroad (EEUU)

    por ferrocarril — by rail, by train

    ferrocarril de trocha angosta — Cono Sur narrow-gauge railway, narrow-gauge railroad (EEUU)

    ferrocarril de vía estrecha — narrow-gauge railway, narrow-gauge railroad (EEUU)

    ferrocarril de vía única — single-track railway, single-track railroad (EEUU)

    ferrocarril elevado — overhead railway, elevated railway, elevated railroad (EEUU), el (EEUU) *

    ferrocarril funicular — funicular, funicular railway

    ferrocarril subterráneo — underground railway, subway (EEUU)

    * * *
    masculino ( sistema) railroad (AmE), railway (BrE)
    * * *
    = railroad(s), railway(s), rail.
    Ex. The article 'Libraries and the railroads -- or sitting on a siding watching the freight trains go by' compares the possible future of libraries and information centres with the state of US railways.
    Ex. Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.
    Ex. The main mode of transportation is by truck, although some is by rail and a minute part by stationwagons.
    ----
    * estación de ferrocarril = railway station.
    * ferrocarril elevado = elevated railroad.
    * línea de ferrocarril = rail line, rail link, railway line, railroad(s), railway(s).
    * ramal de ferrocarril = branch-line.
    * traviesa de ferrocarril = railway sleeper.
    * vía de ferrocarril = railway line.
    * * *
    masculino ( sistema) railroad (AmE), railway (BrE)
    * * *
    = railroad(s), railway(s), rail.

    Ex: The article 'Libraries and the railroads -- or sitting on a siding watching the freight trains go by' compares the possible future of libraries and information centres with the state of US railways.

    Ex: Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.
    Ex: The main mode of transportation is by truck, although some is by rail and a minute part by stationwagons.
    * estación de ferrocarril = railway station.
    * ferrocarril elevado = elevated railroad.
    * línea de ferrocarril = rail line, rail link, railway line, railroad(s), railway(s).
    * ramal de ferrocarril = branch-line.
    * traviesa de ferrocarril = railway sleeper.
    * vía de ferrocarril = railway line.

    * * *
    1 (sistema) railroad ( AmE), railway ( BrE)
    la historía del ferrocarril the history of the railroad o railway
    2 ( ant) (tren) train
    Compuesto:
    cog railway, rack railway
    * * *

    ferrocarril sustantivo masculino
    railroad (AmE), railway (BrE)
    ferrocarril sustantivo masculino railway, US railroad
    ' ferrocarril' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    línea
    English:
    buffet
    - electrify
    - embankment
    - rail
    - railroad
    - railway
    - railway carriage
    - railway station
    - elevated
    - train
    * * *
    1. [sistema, medio] railway, US railroad;
    ese pueblo no tiene ferrocarril that town isn't on a railway line o US a railroad;
    por ferrocarril by train
    ferrocarril de cremallera rack railway o US railroad;
    ferrocarril elevado elevated railway o US railroad;
    ferrocarril funicular funicular (railway);
    ferrocarril subterráneo underground railway o US railroad;
    ferrocarril de vía estrecha narrow-gauge railway o US railroad
    2. [tren] train
    3. Urug Fam [en examen] crib
    * * *
    m
    1 railroad, Br
    railway
    en examen cheat sheet, Br
    crib
    * * *
    : railroad, railway
    * * *
    ferrocarril n railway / train

    Spanish-English dictionary > ferrocarril

  • 17 Stephenson, George

    [br]
    b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, England
    d. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England
    [br]
    English engineer, "the father of railways".
    [br]
    George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.
    In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.
    In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.
    It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.
    During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.
    In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.
    On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.
    At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.
    In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.
    The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.
    Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.
    Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.
    Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.
    He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.
    Bibliography
    1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).
    1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).
    Further Reading
    L.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).
    S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Stephenson, George

  • 18 Tyer, Edward

    [br]
    b. 6 February 1830 Kennington, London, England
    d. 25 December 1912 Tunbridge Wells, England
    [br]
    English railway signal engineer, inventor of electric train-tablet system for the operation of single-line railways.
    [br]
    Use of the electric telegraph for the safe operation of railways was first proposed by W.F. Cooke in the late 1830s, but its application to this purpose and the concurrent replacement of the time-interval system of working, by the block system, comprised a matter of gradual evolution over several decades. In 1851 Tyer established a business making electrical apparatus for railways, and the block instruments invented by him in 1855 were an important step forward. A simple code of electric-bell rings (for up trains; for down trains, there was a distinctive gong) was used by one signalman to indicate to another in advance that a train was entering the section between them, and the latter signalman then operated a galvanometer telegraph instrument in the box of the former to indicate "train on line", holding it so until the train arrived.
    Even more important was the electric train-tablet apparatus. During the 1870s, single-line railways were operated either by telegraphed train orders, misuse of which led to two disastrous head-on collisions, or by "train staff and ticket", which lacked flexibility since no train could enter one end of a section while the train staff was at the other. At the request of Currer, an official of the Caledonian Railway, Tyer designed and produced his apparatus, in which a supply of discs, or "tablets", was contained in two instruments, one located at each end of a section, and linked electrically: only one tablet at a time could be extracted from the instruments, serving as an authority for a train to enter the section from one end or the other.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1855, British patent no. 2,895 (block instruments). 1861, British patent no. 3,015 (block instruments). 1878, British patent for electric train-tablet apparatus.
    Further Reading
    C.Hamilton Ellis, 1959, British Railway History, Vol. II: 1877–1947, London: George Allen \& Unwin, p. 199 (describes the development of the tablet apparatus).
    P.J.G.Ransom, 1990, The Victorian Railway and How It Evolved, London: Heinemann, pp. 157–8 and 164 (describes the block instruments and tablet apparatus).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Tyer, Edward

  • 19 сеть

    (напр. станций) chain, circuit эл., (напр. трубопроводов, дорог, станций) grid, (напр. трубопроводов, дорог) gridiron, mesh, net, (железных дорог, каналов, трубопроводов и т. п.) network
    * * *
    сеть ж.
    выбира́ть сеть — haul in a net
    забра́сывать сеть — cast a net
    2. ( источник питания) эл. брит. mains; амер. supply line
    подава́ть сеть на, напр. переда́тчик жарг. — apply power to, e. g., the transmitter, turn on power for, e. g., the transmitter, turn on, e. g., the transmitter
    рабо́тать от сети́ — operate on [off] mains power supplies, operate off the supply line
    снима́ть сеть с, напр. переда́тчика жарг. — remove power [supply] voltage from, e. g., the transmitter
    сеть абоне́нтского телегра́фа — switched public telegraph network
    сеть азимута́льных пу́нктов — azimuth [Laplace] control
    астро́номо-геодези́ческая сеть — astrogeodetic [astrofix(ation) ] network, astronomic(al) (ground) control
    ба́зисная сеть геод. — base net
    сеть барометри́ческих пу́нктов геод. — aneroid (reight) control
    водопрово́дная сеть — water-supply line, water-supply system
    геодези́ческая сеть — geodetic network
    гидрометри́ческая сеть — stream gauging network
    сеть гравиметри́ческих пу́нктов — gravimetric network
    железнодоро́жная сеть — railway system, railway network
    сеть заземле́ния — брит. earthing system; амер. grounding system
    ка́бельная сеть ( связи) — cable system
    канализацио́нная сеть — sewer(age) net
    конта́ктная сеть ж.-д. — contact system
    несимметри́чная сеть эл. — unbalanced network
    нивели́рная сеть геод. — level(ling) [height, vertical control] network, level(ling) control
    сеть обме́на информа́цией о́бщего по́льзования — брит. public data (communication) network; амер. information utility network
    сеть обме́на информа́цией с коммута́цией кана́лов — line-switching data exchange (communication) system
    сеть обме́на информа́цией с коммута́цией сообще́ний — message-switching system
    сеть опо́рных то́чек геод. — network of control, control network, (base) control
    освети́тельная сеть — lighting system, lighting network
    отопи́тельная сеть — heating system
    сеть переда́чи да́нных — data (communication) network
    сеть переда́чи да́нных о́бщего по́льзования — брит. public data (communication) network; амер. data utility network
    полигонометри́ческая сеть — polygonometric network
    полносвя́занная сеть — fully connected network
    сеть радиа́л-триангуля́ции — radial triangulation network, central point figure
    радиотрансляцио́нная сеть — a.f. rediffusion net
    рыболо́вная, дри́фтерная сеть — drift net
    рыболо́вная, жа́берная сеть — gill net
    рыболо́вная, объяче́ивающая сеть — gill net
    рыболо́вная, отце́живающая сеть — impounding net
    рыболо́вная, плавна́я сеть — floating net
    рыболо́вная, ставна́я сеть — set net
    сеть свя́зи — communication network
    сеть свя́зи о́бщего по́льзования — public communication network
    сеть свя́зи с коммута́цией кана́лов — line-switchng communication system
    сеть свя́зи с коммута́цией сообще́ний — message-switching communication system
    съё́мочная сеть геод. — survey network
    телегра́фная сеть — telegraph network
    организо́вывать телегра́фную сеть по при́нципу, напр. зон — base [set up] a telegraph network on, e. g., the zone principle
    телегра́фная сеть о́бщего по́льзования — public telegraph network
    телефо́нная сеть — telephone set
    телефо́нная, городска́я сеть — telephone urban set
    телефо́нная, междугоро́дная сеть — interurban [intercity] telephone set
    телефо́нная, междунаро́дная сеть — international telephone set; амер. overseas telephone service
    телефо́нная, се́льская сеть — village telephone set
    теплова́я сеть — heating system
    сеть триангуля́ции геод. — triangulation network, net of triangles, network of chains
    сеть трилатера́ции геод. — trilateration network
    фотограмметри́ческая сеть геод. — photogrammetric network
    электри́ческая сеть — power network

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > сеть

  • 20 Rastrick, John Urpeth

    [br]
    b. 26 January 1780 Morpeth, England
    d. 1 November 1856 Chertsey, England
    [br]
    English engineer whose career spanned the formative years of steam railways, from constructing some of the earliest locomotives to building great trunk lines.
    [br]
    John Urpeth Rastrick, son of an engineer, was initially articled to his father and then moved to Ketley Ironworks, Shropshire, c. 1801. In 1808 he entered into a partnership with John Hazledine at Bridgnorth, Shropshire: Hazledine and Rastrick built many steam engines to the designs of Richard Trevithick, including the demonstration locomotive Catch-Me-Who-Can. The firm also built iron bridges, notably the bridge over the River Wye at Chepstow in 1815–16.
    Between 1822 and 1826 the Stratford \& Moreton Railway was built under Rastrick's direction. Malleable iron rails were laid, in one of the first instances of their use. They were supplied by James Foster of Stourbridge, with whom Rastrick went into partnership after the death of Hazledine. In 1825 Rastrick was one of a team of engineers sent by the committee of the proposed Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) to carry out trials of locomotives built by George Stephenson on the Killingworth Waggonway. Early in 1829 the directors of the L \& MR, which was by then under construction, sent Rastrick and James Walker to inspect railways in North East England and report on the relative merits of steam locomotives and fixed engines with cable haulage. They reported, rather hesitantly, in favour of the latter, particularly the reciprocal system of Benjamin Thompson. In consequence the Rainhill Trials, at which Rastrick was one of the judges, were held that October. In 1829 Rastrick constructed the Shutt End colliery railway in Worcestershire, for which Foster and Rastrick built the locomotive Agenoria; this survives in the National Railway Museum. Three similar locomotives were built to the order of Horatio Allen for export to the USA.
    From then until he retired in 1847 Rastrick found ample employment surveying railways, appearing as a witness before Parliamentary committees, and supervising construction. Principally, he surveyed the southern part of the Grand Junction Railway, which was built for the most part by Joseph Locke, and the line from Manchester to Crewe which was eventually built as the Manchester \& Birmingham Railway. The London \& Brighton Railway (Croydon to Brighton) was his great achievement: built under Rastrick's supervision between 1836 and 1840, it included three long tunnels and the magnificent Ouse Viaduct. In 1845 he was Engineer to the Gravesend \& Rochester Railway, the track of which was laid through the Thames \& Medway Canal's Strood Tunnel, partly on the towpath and partly on a continuous staging over the water.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1837.
    Bibliography
    1829, with Walker, Report…on the Comparative Merits of Locomotive and Fixed Engines, Liverpool.
    Further Reading
    C.F.Dendy Marshall, 1953, A History of Railway Locomotives Down to the End of the Year 1831, The Locomotive Publishing Co.
    R.E.Carlson, 1969, The Liverpool \& Manchester Railway Project 1821–1831, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.
    C.Hadfield and J.Norris, 1962, Waterways to Stratford, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles (covers Stratford and Moreton Railway).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Rastrick, John Urpeth

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